12.40.10. With respect to the attitude indicator (or artificial horizon) explain:

12.40.8(c) . state the function, indication and correct use of the coordination 

– check the gyro rotation – a whirrinhg sound and no failure flags if electrically driven / correct vacuum if pressure driven
– correct indications of the turn indicator and coordination ball in a turn while taxiing – turn L, skid R trun R skid L and

12.40.8(balance) . ball. 

12.40.8(b) . differentiate between the different indications of the turn indicator and turn coordinator; 

Function
– indicates the direction of the g- forces

Indication
– movement of the ball indicates any sideways force (slip or skid)

Correct use
When the ball indicates sideways skip – use same side rudder pressure to centre the ball

12.40.8(a) . explain the basic principle of a rate gyroscope; 

Turn Indicator
– indication is by deflection of the needle – towards direction of turn
– indicates rate of turn

Turn Co-ordinator
– indication is by the tilting of the aircraft symbol – towards direction of turn
– indicates rate of turn
– indicates roll rate
– dies not indicate pitch even though looks like artifical horizon

12.40.8. With respect to the turn indicator/coordinator:

12.40.6(b) . precession. 

All rotating masses possess the two characteristics :-
Rigidity
– or gyroscopic inertia – come from the high mass and high speed of rotation of the instrument
– helps them maintain their alignment in space

Precession
– when a side force is applied at some point around the rim of a spinning gyro rotor, it will tilt the rotor as if the force wasw applied at 90 degrees further on in the directin of rotation

12.40.6(a) . rigidity; 

All rotating masses possess the two characteristics :-
Rigidity
– or gyroscopic inertia – come from the high mass and high speed of rotation of the instrument
– helps them maintain their alignment in space

Precession
– when a side force is applied at some point around the rim of a spinning gyro rotor, it will tilt the rotor as if the force wasw applied at 90 degrees further on in the directin of rotation

12.40.6. Describe the gyroscopic properties of:

12.40.4. State the likely effects of reduced or nil suction in the vacuum system.