12.6.26 Identify the primary factors determining the coefficient of lift (CL) for an aerofoil.
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12.6.28 Describe a typical CL versus angle of attack curve (graph).
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12.6.30 On a typical CL versus angle of attack curve, identify the critical stalling angle.
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12.6.32 State the precaution against flying with ice, frost, snow or other contamination of the aerofoil surfaces.
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12.6.34 Distinguish between induced drag, parasite and profile drag.
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12.6.36 List the elements of profile drag.
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12.6.38 State the factors affecting parasite drag, and profile (form and skin friction) drag.
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12.6.40 Explain how induced drag varies depending on:
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12.6.40(a) angle of attack of the aerofoil;
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12.6.40(b) aspect ratio.
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12.6.42 Identify curves of parasite, profile, induced and total drag versus aerofoil airspeed.
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12.6.44 Describe a typical curve of lift/drag (L/D) ratio versus angle of attack for an asymmetrical aerofoil.
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12.6.46 Identify the approximate angle for best L/D ratio.
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* * * Engines – General Piston Engines * * *
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12.10.4(a) cylinders;
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12.10.2 Identify typical cylinder configurations used for aircraft piston engines.
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12.10.4 Explain the function of the main components of a four-stroke cycle piston engine including:
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12.10.4(b) cylinder heads;
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12.10.4(c) pistons;
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12.10.4(d) connecting rods;
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12.10.4(e) crankshaft;
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12.10.4(f) valves;
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12.10.4(g) valve operating mechanism;
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12.10.4(h) camshaft;
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