12.60.4. For level flight describe how the four main forces change as IAS is varied.

12.60.2. Define the four main forces acting in flight.

– aircraft maintains a constant altitude, air speed and heading
– the forces actring on the aircraft have to be in equilibrium
– lift must counterbalance weight
– thrust must be equal and opposite to drag

As airspeed increases the drag will also increase and when this equals thrust a new state of equilibrium will be attained
At slower airspeeds as the power is reduced and while the aircraft is slowing down the nose attitude must be raised.
Decreasing speed reduces drag

12.58. Basic Flying Controls

12.58.26. Describe the principle of operation of wing flaps.

A small amount of flap is often used for take-off
– increases lifting ability of the wing
– little cost in additional drag

A larger amount of flap is used on approach and during landing
– lowered stalling speed and additional drag
– allows a slower airspeed and steeper fllightpath

Lower ing flaps in a low-wing aircraft can cause a nose down pitch
Lowering flaps in a high-wing aircraft can cause a nose-up pitch

12.58.24. Explain the purpose of wing flaps.

The wing flaps extend in unison to chnage the effectivce camber of the wing so its lifting capacity is improved at all angles of attack
The same lift can be achieved at a lower airspeed

12.58.22. Describe the principle of operation of anti-balance tabs.

12.58.20. Explain the requirement for using anti-balance tabs on an all-moving tailplane.

The anti-balance tabs improve control “feel” and prevents overbalance
‘The anti-balance tab moves on the opposite direction to the balance tab. If the trailing edge of the tail moves up the anti-balance tab also moves up
The movement of the tab is automatically provided through its linkage with the all-moving tail. t is also linked to the trim wheel

12.58.18. State the methods used to obtain aerodynamic balance.

Requirements:

Methods:
Inset hinges
Horn Balance
Balance Tabs

12.58.16. Explain the correct method for the use of trim controls.

These are devices to relieve the pilot from having to hold constant pressure on the control column
The main need for trim is in pitch and all aircraft are fitted with elevator trim
The correct method of trimming is to hold the aircraft in the attitude w=you want with steady controlled pressure on the control column and then trim this pressure off
The operation is in the directin that makes common sense ie trim forward – then move trim controls in same direction

12.58.14. Explain the requirement for the balancing of controls.