12.66. Turning Flight

12.66.16. Explain the effect of bank on rate of descent in a descending turn, and thetendency to underbank. 

In a descending trun the drag increases with the bank angle. If the descent is maintained the rate of descent will increase.

In a escending turn the aircraft tends to roll out = underbanking

12.66.14. Explain the effect of bank on rate of climb in a climbing turn, and the tendency tooverbank. 

As angle of attack is increased to establish a climbing turn, both lift and drag increase. If climbing speed is maintained the reduction in the rate of climb proportional to the angle of bank used

Tendency to overbank: once established in a climbing turn there is a tendency for the aircraft to continue rolling into the turn – ie overbankling

12.66.12. Describe a rate 1 turn, and a rule-of-thumb method of calculating the bank anglerequired. 

Rate 1 turn

Bank angle calculation:
For a standard rate of turn of 3 degrees per second drop the last figure from the airspeed figure and add 7
ie – if airspeed is 110 kts – bank angle is 11 =7 = 18 degrees

12.66.10(b) . bank angle. 

For a given bank angle the radius of turn increases and the rate of turn decreases as speed is increased

12.66.10(a) . airspeed; 

For a given airspeed the radius of turn decreases as the bank angle is increased – the rate of turn increase

12.66.10. State the relationship between the turn radius and rate of turn at a given;

12.66.8. In a level turn, state the relationship between bank angle and lift, drag, and loadfactor. 

Load factor:
– this is the ratio of the lift force being generated by the wings at any given moment compared to the weight of the aircarft
Load Factor = Lift being generated / Weight

Bank angle – small bank angle means low load factor
Lift the greater the lift the greather the Load
The greater the angle of bank in a turn the greater the drag

12.66.6. Define load factor g.

Load factor:
– this is the ratio of the lift force being generated by the wings at any given moment compared to the weight of the aircarft
Load Factor = Lift being generated / Weight

Bank angle – small bank angle means low load factor
Lift the greater the lift the greather the Load
The greater the angle of bank in a turn the greater the drag

12.66.4(b) . force required opposing weight.