12.58.6. Explain how each flying control operates to achieve control of the:
Primary Flight Controls:
Elevator- operated from the cockpit with fore and aft movements of the control wheel or forwards and backwards if using a stick
Ailerons – operated by rotation of the control wheel or sideways if using a stick
Rudder – operatef by pressing the rudder pedals
Trim Tab – operated by using a trim wheel or handle in the cockpit
Flap Systems – operated by a manual lever or an electrical switch
12.58.4. Name the flying controls used to affect movement about each axis.Sub Topic Syllabus Item
The Elevator controls pitching of the nose up and down and is operated from the cockpit with fore and aft movements of the control wheel
The Ailerons control rolling of the aircraft and are operated by rotation of the control wheel
The Rudders controls the yawing of the aircraft left and right and operated by using the rudder pedals
12.58.2. Define the aircraft axes of rotation, pitch, roll and yaw.
Rotation about the lateral axis is the Pitch
Rotation about the longitudinal axis is Roll
Rotation about the normal axis is Yaw
12.56. Aeroplane Aerodynamic Theory
12.56.2. Show how CL varies with use of flaps and control surfaces.
12.54. Landing Gear - Fixed
12.54.6. Explain the precautions for the use of each type.Aerodynamics
12.54.4. Explain typical steering and braking systems.
12.54.2. Describe the two common types of undercarriage system (tricycle/tail wheel).
Tricycle
– steering is nosewheel steering controlled by rudder pedals
– braking is from main wheel brakes / disk brakes fitted to each main wheel and operated independently through the upper portion of the rudder pedal
– visibilty is good
– taxiing speeds must be kept under control, but control is easy to achieve
– watch when crossing line depressions as the propeller tips are close to the ground – and cross at an oblique angle
Tail Wheel
– older tailwheel aircraft may not be fitted with brakes
– taxiing controlled by rudder and slipstream (engine)
– forward visibility is usually restricted
– weaving when taxiing enables pilot to see ahead
– unstable on the ground
– directional control may be lost if a large swing occurs (ground loop)
–
– steering
– braking
12.50. ELT Systems