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is the proportionally the object’s Inertia. e.g. how hard it is to get an object moving or to stop / slow downed a moving object.
Example of Inertia
Let’s start off with a scooter (motorbike) it doesn’t take much energy to get the scooter moving and you don’t have to run into much, let alone a power pole before coming to a stop. Scooter has a lot less mass than a train. Train
on the other hand requires a lot of energy to get moving and would probably knock over 2 or 3 power poles before even look like slowing down let alone stopping
Momentum
Formula
= Mass x Velocity
Formula in action
1. Body 10 units of Mass multiplied by moving at Velocity of 2 units = 20 units of Momentum. 2. Body 5 units of Mass multiplied by moving at Velocity of 4 units = 20 units of Momentum.
The first one had a greater mass and second had a greater velocity but they both had the same momentum thus both would be equally difficult to stop.
Example of Momentum
A train that has a large mass and a low velocity compared with a bullet with a small mass and a high velocity both will be difficult to stop and both can do considerable damage to anything that tries to stop them.
An object with mass always has inertia, however a body only has momentum while it is moving, if body is stationary the momentum is 0.
Force – a push or a pull – identified by what it does moving an object out of its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line. Force Vectors – usually drawn as an arrow, indicating a vector’s quantities of both magnitude and
direction
Couples – consists of two equal but opposite parallel forces which create a twisting moment about a point between the two force lines.
Components – these are the resolution of a force vector into two components at right angles to
each other. Used to show the amount of a total force acting in a particular direction. An Example: Weight and Lift Couple which in balanced by the Tail Plane.
Components – these are the resolution of a force vector into two components at right angles to each other. Used to show the amount of a total force acting in a particular direction.
An Examples: Reaction of the Wing, Components
of Lift and Drag Reaction of the Propeller, Components of Thrust and Torque
By understanding the centripetal force calculations you will see the big effect that speed has on your turning radius.
Let look at the centripetal force on mass EG no gravity.
( CPF = frac{Mass x Velocity 2 }{Radius} )
( CPF = frac{Mass x Velocity 2 }{Radius} )
Diagram
Mass(m)
Increase Mass then there is a an Increase of Force
Velocity(V2)
Increase Velocity then there is an Increase in Force is now Squared. E.g. Double the Speed with equal 4 time the Force. 100 units Double speed would become 400 units
Radius(r)
Increase the Radius the Force is Decreased. Double the Radius the Force is halved. 100 unit is now 50 units
Now the centripetal force using weight e.g. in the earth with gravity.
Start with
( CPF = frac{Mass x Velocity 2 }{Radius} )
Replace Mass(m)
With ( frac{weight}{g} )
CPF use on an Aircraft in Flight
( CPF = frac{Weight x Velocity 2 }{‘g’ x Radius} )
12.2.4. Define and where appropriate show the relevant relationships between:
Defines
Relevant
(a) . mass,
weight
and gravitational force (g);
Mass – the amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms Weight – mass x gravity Gravitational Force – the acceleration due to gravity
(b) . inertia;
Inertia is the tendency of an object to either remain at rest or to continue moving at it’s present velocity.
And is proportional to mass of the object.
(c) . momentum;
The momentum of an object is the product of its mass x velocity An object of large mass moving slowly can have the same momentum as an object of smaller mass moving at a greater speed.
(d) . equilibrium;
An object is in a state of equilibrium when it is at rest or in a state of uniform motion. The sum of all the forces acting on it will be zero.
(e) . force vectors, couples and components;
Force – a push or a pull – identified by what it does moving an object out of its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line.
Couples – consists of two equal but opposite parallel forces which create a twisting moment about a point between the two force lines.
Components – these are the resolution of a force vector into two components at right angles to each other. Used to show the amount of a total force acting in a particular direction.
(f) . Newtons Third Law;
Newtons third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
(g) . distance,
time,
acceleration
and velocity;
Distance – Measured in metres, kilometres or nautical miles.
Time – Measured in hours-minutes-seconds.
Acceleration – Distance per second per second. eg. earth’s gravity is 9 meters per second per second
Velocity – is Speed in a Direction. And speed is Distance / Time
(h) . kinetic
and potential energy;
Kinetic Energy = the energy due to motion .
Potential Energy = this is the energy of position. eg. water stored at high altitude in a dam has gravitational potential energy
(i) . force,
work
and power;.
Force is “Mass” x “Acceleration” measured in Newtons.(N) A Newton is the force required to accelerate a 1 kg mass at 1m per second per second.
Work is “Force” x “Distance” (moved in the direction of the force.) measured in joules.(J) One joule of work is done when a force of One Newton moves an object 1 metre.
Power is “Work” / “Time” measured in Watts(W).
One Watt of work is One Joule per second.
(j) . forces involved in the motion of an
object travelling in a circular path.
If any object is to follow a curved path, a force must be applied to accelerate it towards the centre of the curve. Its velocity changes ie its direction is continually changing. The radial force is Centripetal Force -( CPF)
