18.70.6 Explain the significance of RAIM predictions.

18.48.6 Estimate and calculate a heading to make good a reciprocal track.

18.46.6 Calculate the minimum fuel required on a given VFR cross-country flight.

A good way to remember how to multiply is to have a pet calculation. By setting up the pet calculation, all you have to do is change the numbers for the particular problem you are working. 

Example 1. Lets look at the 5 times table eg 5 x 2 = ?? and 5 x 3 = ??
Setup
	1. Find the 5 or 50 on the outside scale 2. On the inside line up the 1 or 10
Read off	( 5 x 2 = ?? )
	3. now look around on the inside for 2 and  4. read the answer on the the outside 10.
Read off	( 5 x 3 = ?? )
	5. now look around on the inside for 3 and  6. read the answer on the the outside of 15

read off '15'5. Inner find '3'

also you could easily read off  x4, x5 etc.

Setup	And without changing any thing you can also read off
Read off	( 5  x 14 = ?? )
	3. now look around on the inside for 14 and  4. read the answer on the the outside 70.
Read off	( 5 x 16 = ?? )
	5. now look around on the inside for 16 and  6. read the answer on the the outside 18.

read off '80'5. Inner find '16'

18.40.6 List the factors to be considered when selecting alternate routes and destination
alternates.
Sub Topic Syllabus Item

.

Relief on an aeronautical map is shown by colour shading. Areas with low terrain are generally green, where high peaks or points can be a darker shade, possibly brown or red. 

This allows the pilot to quickly distinguish the local terrain without having to read over spot heights or numbers. 

18.16.6 Convert between LMT, UTC, NZST and/or NZDT.
Aeronautical Charts

.

a

When making a position report in relation to a bearing and distance, an accurate bearing to or from a position, place or navigation aid; with a distance gives an accurate position report. 

Indicated airspeed (IAS) is the airspeed read directly from the airspeed indicator in the aircraft, displayed in knots.  

It uses the difference between total pressure and static pressure, to calculate a speed through the air