• Checklist Importance Rationale: Understand the rationale advocating for consistent and thorough checklist use over reliance on memory, ensuring systematic and reliable procedures.

• Differentiating Checklists: Differentiate between normal and emergency checklists, recognizing the unique requirements of each situation.

• Critical Checklist Phases: Identify the specific phases of flight where a checklist plays a crucial role, ensuring comprehensive adherence to procedures.

• Checklist Complacency Awareness: Recognize the reasons behind checklist complacency and its potential ramifications, emphasizing the need for vigilance in adherence to procedures.

10.62 Documents and Procedures

10.62.2 Explain the rationale behind consistent and thorough checklist use as opposed to reliance on memory.

10.62.4 Distinguish between normal and emergency checklists.

10.62.6 Identify the phases of flight where a checklist plays an important role.

10.62.8 Describe the reasons for checklist complacency.

10.62.10 Describe the possible ramifications of checklist complacency

• Design Significance: Comprehend the significance of key design elements in instrumentation, displays, and alerts, including position, layout, color usage, and illumination, crucial for effective pilot information processing.

• Parallax Error Awareness: Understand the concept of parallax error, a potential source of misjudgment in reading instruments due to viewing angle differences.

• Three Pointer Altimeter Interpretation: Identify potential errors in the interpretation of three-pointer altimeters, ensuring accurate altitude assessment.

• Alert Requirements: Describe the fundamental requirements of alerts, emphasizing their role in notifying pilots promptly and effectively.

• Color Coding Conventions: Explore how color coding conventions are employed in aviation instruments and displays, highlighting their contribution to quick and intuitive information interpretation.

10.60 Instrumentation, Displays and Alerts

10.60.2 Explain the importance of the following in the design of instrumentation, displays and alerts:

(a) position (b) layout (c) use of colour (d) illumination.

10.60.4 Describe parallax error.

10.60.6 Describe potential errors in the interpretation of three pointer altimeters.

10.60.8 Describe the basic requirements of alerts.

10.60.10 Describe how colour coding conventions are used in aviation on instruments and displays.

• Safety Culture Elements: Discern the essential components of a safety culture, recognizing their critical role in promoting aviation safety.

• Importance of Safety Reporting: Understand the key reasons for safety reporting in aviation, emphasizing the significance of open communication in preventing incidents.

• Mandatory Reporting Rationale: Grasp the rationale behind mandatory reporting of incidents, aligning with aviation regulations to ensure comprehensive safety oversight.

• Differentiating Behavior Levels: Differentiate between normal error, at-risk behavior, and high culpability behavior, fostering a nuanced understanding of individual actions in a safety context.

• Negligence and Recklessness: Understand the distinctions between negligent and reckless behavior, crucial for evaluating and addressing varying degrees of responsibility.

• Role of Punitive Sanction: Explore the role of punitive sanctions, acknowledging their place in maintaining accountability and reinforcing safety standards within the aviation community.

10.54 Culture

10.54.2 Identify the elements in a safety culture.

10.54.4 List the key reasons for safety reporting in aviation.

10.54.6 Explain the rationale for mandatory reporting of incidents as required by Part 12.

10.54.8 Distinguish between normal error, at risk behaviour and high culpability behaviour.

10.54.10 Distinguish between negligent and reckless behaviour.

10.54.12 Describe the role of punitive sanction

• Understanding Human Error: Grasp the pivotal role of human error in aviation accidents, acknowledging its significance in safety considerations.

• Limitations in Eliminating Human Error: Explore the inherent challenges in completely eliminating human error, recognizing the need for proactive management strategies.

• Identifying Potential Threats: Learn to identify various types of threats that could compromise the safety of a flight, enhancing situational awareness.

• Reason Model Overview: Understand the fundamental elements and features of the Reason Model, a framework crucial for comprehending error causation.

• Threat Management Strategies: Delve into threat management by acquiring skills in recognizing, avoiding, and mitigating the effects of potential threats, fostering a proactive safety culture.

10.52 Threat and Error Management

10.52.2 Explain the role of human error in aviation accidents.

10.52.4 Explain the degree to which human error can be eliminated.

10.52.6 Describe the main types of threats which could potentially affect a safe flight.

10.52.8 Explain the basic elements and features of the Reason Model.

10.52.10 Describe threat management, including means of:

(a) recognising threats (b) avoiding threats (c) mitigating the effects of threats.

• Utilizing External Resources: Understand the importance of external resources, including ATC, engineers, and fellow pilots, in effective flight management.

• Collaborative Flight Management: Explore how collaboration with external resources enhances a pilot’s ability to manage various aspects of a flight.

• Communication and Coordination: Emphasize the role of clear communication and coordination with external entities for a seamless and well-managed flight.

• Integrated Flight Deck Management: Grasp the integration of social psychology principles into flight deck management, recognizing the impact of interpersonal dynamics on operational effectiveness.

• Team-Based Decision-Making: Appreciate the significance of team-based decision-making, involving external resources for a comprehensive approach to flight management.

• Effective Resource Allocation: Learn strategies for effective resource allocation, leveraging external support to optimize flight deck management.

10.50 Social Psychology and Flight Deck Management

10.50.2 Explain how outside resources, such as ATC, engineers and other pilots can contribute to a pilot’s management of a flight.

• Hazardous Attitudes Awareness: Recognize and understand hazardous attitudes that may impact decision-making.

• Countering Hazardous Attitudes: Learn methods to counter hazardous attitudes, promoting a safer decision-making environment.

• Error/Judgment Chain: Comprehend the concept of the error/poor judgment chain and identify clues to prevent its occurrence.

• Decision-Making Concepts: Grasp the general concepts behind effective decision-making in aviation.

• Enhancing Decision-Making Skills: Explore methods to enhance decision-making skills, ensuring sound judgments in various situations.

• Decision-Making Models Application: Understand and apply aviation decision-making models, such as DECIDE, SADIE, and FDODAR.

• Factors Influencing Decision-Making: Identify factors that influence the decision-making process and how to manage them.

• Personal Limitations and Decision Points: Establish personal limitations and decision points for a safe decision-making framework.

• Awareness of Get-Home-itis: Learn about the dangers associated with “get-home-itis” and strategies to mitigate this risk.

10.48 Judgement and Decision Making

10.48.2 Describe hazardous attitudes.

10.48.4 Describe methods of countering hazardous attitudes.

10.48.6 Describe the error/poor judgement chain.

10.48.8 Explain clues or red flags that can assist in identifying the error/poor judgement chain.

10.48.10 Outline the general concepts behind decision making.

10.48.12 Describe methods of enhancing decision making skills.

10.48.14 Explain the application of the following decision-making models used in aviation:

(a) DECIDE (b) SADIE (c) FDODAR.

10.48.16 Identify specific factors that influence the decision-making process.

10.48.18 Explain the setting of personal limitations and decision points.

10.48.20 Outline the dangers of get-home-itis.

• Situational Awareness Definition: Understand the concept of situational awareness.

• Strategies for Maintenance and Enhancement: Learn effective strategies to both maintain and enhance situational awareness.

• Holistic Awareness: Grasp the importance of situational awareness in aviation for making informed decisions and navigating complex environments.

• Applied Understanding: Apply the defined strategies to real-world scenarios, ensuring a practical understanding of situational awareness.

10.46 Situational Awareness

10.46.2 Define situational awareness.

10.46.4 Describe strategies to maintain and enhance situational awareness.

• Critical Sensors Identification: Identify the key human sensors crucial for pilot information acquisition.

• Information Processing Model: Understand the fundamental model of information processing.

• Memory Types Recognition: Recognize and differentiate between short-term/working memory and long-term memory.

• Memory Limitations Awareness: Be aware of the inherent limitations associated with memory.

• Retaining and Retrieving Techniques: Understand methods such as mnemonics and checklists for effective information retention and retrieval.

• Perception Definition: Define the concept of perception in the context of aviation.

• Factors Influencing Perception: Explore the impact of expectation and experience on the perceptual process.

• Holistic Understanding: Develop a comprehensive understanding of information processing, memory, and perception critical for effective aviation decision-making.

10.44 Information Processing

10.44.2 Identify the human sensors pilots depend on for information acquisition.

10.44.4 Describe a basic model of information processing.

10.44.6 Describe the following types of memory:

(a) short term/working memory (b) long term memory.

10.44.8 Describe the limitations of memory.

10.44.10 Explain the following methods of retaining and retrieving information from memory:

(a) mnemonics (b) checklists.

10.44.12 Define perception.

10.44.14 Describe the effect of the following on perception:

(a) expectation (b) experience.

• Sensory System Changes: Understand the impact of aging on sensory sensitivity and acuity.

• Muscular Strength Decline: Recognize the natural reduction in muscular strength associated with aging.

• Resilience and Reaction Time: Acknowledge changes in resilience and reaction times as part of the aging process.

• Sleep Patterns Shift: Comprehend alterations in sleep/wakefulness patterns with age.

• Cognitive Functioning Changes: Grasp the effects of aging on cognitive functions, including mental processing, acquisition of new information, and memory.

• Information Processing Rate: Understand how age influences the speed of information processing.

• Insight and Self-awareness: Reflect on changes in insight and self-awareness related to individual capabilities.

• Holistic Awareness: Develop a holistic awareness of how aging affects various aspects crucial for aviation safety.

10.42 Ageing

10.42.2 Describe the effects of the normal process of human ageing on:

(a) the sensitivity and acuity of the sensory system (b) muscular strength (c) resilience and reaction times (d) sleep/wakefulness patterns

(e) cognitive or mental functioning (f) the acquisition of new information (g) the retention and retrieval of stored information in memory

(h) the rate of information processing (i) insight and self-awareness of your individual capabilities

• Individual Sleep Needs: Understand the varying sleep requirements among individuals.

• Alertness Techniques: Grasp the effects of strategies like napping, caffeine use, and understand the impact of sedatives and stimulants.

• Sleep Disorders Awareness: Learn to identify sleep disorders and comprehend their influence on performance.

• Fatigue Defined: Define fatigue and recognize its causes and impact on pilot performance.

• Symptoms Recognition: Identify the signs of fatigue for proactive management.

• Acute vs. Chronic Fatigue: Differentiate between short-term and long-term fatigue, crucial for understanding its implications on flying.

• Prioritize Alertness: Emphasize the importance of adequate sleep and alertness management for safe aviation practices.

10.40 Sleep and Fatigue (Alertness Management)

10.40.2 Explain how individuals differ in their requirement for sleep.

10.40.4 Explain the effects of the following alertness management techniques:

(a) napping (b) caffeine consumption (c) taking sedatives (d) taking stimulants other than caffeine.

10.40.6 Describe sleep disorders and their effects on pilot performance.

10.40.8 Define fatigue.

10.40.10 Explain the causes of fatigue and its effect on pilot performance.

10.40.12 Describe the symptoms of fatigue.

10.40.14 Explain the difference between acute and chronic fatigue.