Describe the error/poor judgement chain.

One poor judgement increases to probability that another follows

The poor judgement increases the availability of false information that may then negatively influence judgements that follow

As the poor judgement chain grows the alternatives for safe flight decreases

Describe methods of countering hazardous attitudes.

Judgement Training

• Teaches the pilot to be in control at all times
• Teaches responsibility for the aircraft and other people
• To obey flying rules and regulations
• Teaches them to make reasoned and safe decisions 

Describe hazardous attitudes.

Hazard attitudes can come from adverse personality traits such as

• Avoiding responsibility
• Being anti-authority
• Feeling invulnerable
• Impulsivity
• Resignation
• Machoism 

Describe strategies to maintain and enhance situational awareness.

Lookout

Listenout

Absorb information 

Plan ahead 

Explain the importance of situational awareness on different phases of flight.

Have a Lookout and a Listen Out

By maintaining a high level of situational awareness, you will know what is, where and what will be. This will allow you to paint a 3D picture of your surroundings and plan how you conduct yourself and the flight path of the aircraft. 

A good pilot is always aware of their surroundings and maintains a high level of situational awareness 

Define situational awareness.

This is a process of maintaining a mental model that compares with the real world situation
It includes knowing what has gone on in the past in relation to what is going on now and how all this can effect what might happen in the future

It is being aware of what is happening in the vicinity to understand how information, events, and one’s own actions will impact goals and objectives, both immediately and in the near future

Describe the formation of mental models.

A mental model is an explanation of someone’s thought process about how something works in the real world. Mental models can help shape behaviour and set an approach to solving problems (similar to a personal algorithm) and doing tasks.

Describe the effect of the following on perception ...

Expectation 

It can be said that expectation determines perception. 

When a person has an expectation or a ‘mind set’ he or she can may see things that line up with this expectation and not the information that does not. 

This may cause visual illusion and mindsets to take place

Experience 

Experience plays a large part in perception. If a person has experience with a product or a situation, their perception is somewhat biased to previous experiences and therefore build a mindset. 

Define perception.

The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses

Explain the concept of mental workload.

Good mental functioning and minimum distraction are essential in flight

Interpret flight instruments and attitude
Staying on required flight path