12.100.16(d) . runway slope; 

Upsloping runway
More distance required due to more difficult acceleration
More power required
LDR decreases

Downsloping runway
TODR is decreased – acceleration is etter and less power required
LDR increases

12.100.16(c) . humidity; 

In high humidity takeoff performance is poor and TODR is longer
– reduced air density
High humidity also means longer LDR

12.100.16(b) . temperature and pressure (i.e. density altitude); 

Low air density results in a greater TODR becuase of poorer performance of the engine and airframe
The hotter the temperature the longer the LDR
The lower the pressure the longer the LDR

12.100.16(a) . aircraft weight; 

The heavier the weight the longer the TODR and LDR

12.100.16. Explain the effect of the following factors on TODR (Take Off DistanceRequired) and LDR (Landing Distance Required): 

12.100.14(b) . density altitude. 

Density altitude = pressure altitude plus or minus 120 ft for each 1 degree C deviation from ISA

12.100.14(a) . ISA deviation; 

12.100.14. Given a pressure altitude and ambient temperature, calculate the:

Density altitude is the altitude of the ISA which has the same air density as the actual altitude

12.100.12. Define density altitude.

Density altitude is the altitude of the ISA which has the same air density as the actual altitude

12.100.10. Explain the general effect of temperature on performance.

If the temperature is warmer than ISA – performance will be poorer