Archives: Theory Courses

(h) Identification of service;

4.6 Callsigns
4.6.1 Ground Station Callsigns
4.6.1.1 Ground stations are identified by the name of the location followed by the service available
as follows:

CONTROL                Area and approach control, including area and approach radar                             
APPROACH  Approach control where provided as a separate function
ARRIVAL Approach control radar arrivals
DEPARTURE Approach control radar departures
TOWER Aerodrome control or aerodrome and approach/area control where
these services are provided from an aerodrome control tower
GROUND Surface movement control including clearance delivery
RADAR Area or approach control radar on a discrete frequency
FLIGHT SERVICE Aerodrome flight information service (AFIS)
INFORMATION Area flight information service
DELIVERY Clearance delivery
RADIO Air – ground service
UNICOM UNICOM service

4.6.1.2 The name of the location or the service may be omitted provided that satisfactory
communication has been established.

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(g) Frequencies to be used;

When finding which frequencies to be used; the service for that area has been allocated a specific frequency.
These frequencies can be found in the following documents.

– On the aerodrome chart in the AIPNZ Vol 4 for the particular 
aerodrome.
– In the communication listings for the AIPNZ Vol 4 
– On the FISCOM charts in AIPNZ Vol 4, GEN 3.4
– On the aerodrome charts, approach charts and communication 
listings of the AIPNZ Vols 2 and 3 (IFR only)
– On Visual Planning and Visual Navigation charts – frequencies for a number of selected services.

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(d) Part 91.247;

Use of SSR transponder and altitude reporting equipment

a) PIC must use a transponder in transponder mandatory airspace in mode A, C or S.
Use code assigned by ATC or according to VFR transponder code table 2 below or in an emergency the allocated emergency code.

b) To operate an aircraft with Mode S transponder State of registry must have assigned the aircraft a unique Mode S address code.

c) To operate in transponder mandatory controlled airspace with inoperative transponder you must have a clearance from the ATC to entry with inoperative transponder (negative transponder)

d) In the event of any failure or partial failure of the transponder equipment in transponder mandatory airspace you must immediately advise the ATC 

e) Unless otherwise required by ATC, only 1 of the aircraft in a
formation flight is required to operate a transponder in accordance with
paragraph (a).

Table 2.

Flight rules   Type of aircraft operation SSR Code
VFR For aircraft involved in fire fighting and
reconnaissance duties		 0111
IFR
VFR		 All
All – in Auckland Oceanic FIR only		 2000
2000
VFR All – when operating in the aerodrome traffic
circuit at a controlled aerodrome                      		 2200
VFR Aeroplanes other than Defence aeroplanes 1200
VFR Gliders or balloons 1300
VFR Powered aircraft in designated general
aviation areas		 1400
VFR Helicopters other then Defence helicopters 1500
VFR Defence aeroplanes 6000
VFR Defence helicopters 6500 

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (e), a pilot-in-command of an
aircraft operating in transponder-mandatory airspace designated under Part
71 must, unless otherwise authorised or instructed by ATC:

(1) operate the transponder
(i) in Mode A and Mode C; or
(ii) in Mode S if the aircraft is equipped with Mode S
equipment and allocated a unique Mode S code referred
to in paragraph (b); and

(2) Except if paragraph (3) applies or if operating Mode S
equipment, set the transponder SSR code
(i) to the code assigned by ATC for the flight; or
(ii) if not assigned a code by ATC, in accordance with Table
2; and

(3) In the event of an in-flight emergency, loss of radio
communications, or an act of unlawful interference, set the
transponder to the appropriate code in accordance with Table 3.

(b) A person must not operate an aircraft with Mode S transponder
equipment installed unless the State of registry has assigned the aircraft a
unique Mode S address code.

(c) A pilot-in-command of an aircraft intending to operate the aircraft
without an operable transponder in transponder mandatory airspace that is
within controlled airspace must obtain specific authorisation from the ATC
unit having jurisdiction over the relevant airspace as part of the ATC
clearance to enter that airspace.

(d) A pilot-in-command of an aircraft operating in transponder
mandatory airspace must immediately advise the ATC unit having
jurisdiction over the relevant airspace of any failure or partial failure of the
transponder equipment.

(e) Unless otherwise required by ATC, only 1 of the aircraft in a
formation flight is required to operate a transponder in accordance with
paragraph (a).

(c) Part 91.245 (b), (c) and (d);

Operations in controlled airspace

(b) A pilot-in-command of an aircraft operating in Class 
A airspace must:

(1) operate the aircraft under IFR; and
(2) unless otherwise authorised by the ATC unit responsible for the
class A airspace, maintain two-way communications with that
ATC unit on the appropriate frequency.

(c) A pilot-in-command of an aircraft that operates in the following
classes of airspace must maintain two-way radio communications 
with the ATC unit responsible for the airspace concerned on the 
appropriate frequency unless otherwise authorised by the ATC unit:
(1) Class B, C, or D airspace
(2) Class E airspace under IFR

(d) If different classes of airspace adjoin one above the other, a pilot
operating at the common level may comply with the requirements of 
the less restrictive class of airspace.

(b) Part 91.243;

ATC light signals

Each pilot of an aircraft shall comply with the clearance or instruction
specified for ATC light signals in Table 1.

(a) Part 91.217 (5);

Pre-flight action

Before starting a flight a pilot-in-command of an aircraft must 
obtain and become familiar with all information concerning that 
flight, including: 

(1) Current Met conditions
(2) Fuel requirements 
(3) Alternatives available 
(4) Known or likely traffic delays 
(5) the status of the communication and navigation facilities
intended to be used
(6) Condition and length of runways to be used
(7) Take off and landing distance contained in the flight manual
(8) In the case of multi engine aircraft;
    – Engine inoperative procedures 
    – One engine inoperative performance data

(f) Establishment of communications

The responsibility of establishing communications rests with the station having traffic to transmit. When establishing communications, an aircraft should use the full callsign of both the aircraft and the aeronautical station. 
Use of the name of the manufacturer, or of the aircraft model or type, is optional. (Pilots can assess whether aircraft type could be helpful to the recipient for recognition or sequencing purposes). 
The use of the calling station’s callsign and the receiving station’s callsign is considered an invitation to proceed with the transmission, the phrase GO AHEAD is not to be used.

EG:
Aircraft: WHENUAPAI TOWER CESSNA XYZ

Tower: XYZ WHENUAPAI TOWER

4.7.2 After contact has been established, continuous two-way communication is permitted without further identification or callsign until termination of the contact provided no mistake of identity is likely to occur.

4.7.3 When a ground station wishes to broadcast information, or an aircraft wishes to broadcast information to aircraft in its vicinity, the message should be prefaced by the call ALL STATIONS.

EG:
Tower: ALL STATIONS CHRISTCHURCH INFORMATION FUEL DUMPING COMPLETE
OR:
Aircraft: ALL STATIONS FASTAIR 689 WESTBOUND TORY VOR TO NELSON LEAVING FL150 NOW DESCENDING TO 10,000

4.7.4 No reply is expected to such general calls unless individual stations are subsequently called upon to acknowledge receipt.

4.7.5 If there is doubt that a message has been correctly received, a repetition of the message should be requested in full or in part.

Phrase Meaning
SAY AGAIN Repeat entire message
SAY AGAIN  (item) Repeat specific item
SAY AGAIN ALL BEFORE  (the first word satisfactorily received)
SAY AGAIN ALL AFTER 
SAY AGAIN ALL BETWEEN  AND Repeat part of message

2.8.12 Explain the procedures to follow in the case of inadvertent

2.8.12 
Explain the procedures to follow in the case of inadvertent ELT activation.


Inadvertent ELT activation procedure

Inadvertent activation can occur as a result of aerobatics, hard landing, or accidental activation during aircraft servicing. To detect an inadvertent activation pilots should:

(a) Prior to engine shut down at the end of each flight, tune the aircraft receiver to 121.5 MHz and listen for ELT signals; and
(b) If an ELT is heard, ensure that their own aircraft’s ELT is not operating. If it is found that it has been activated, switch it off and report the activation immediately to the nearest ATS unit so that any RCCNZ action commenced as a result of the transmission may be terminated.

Note: Maintenance may be required before an automatic activation unit is returned to the armed position.

If the emergency situation is recovered, turn the ELT off and advise ATC or RCCNZ as soon as possible. If the ELT is turned off and ATC or RCCNZ are not advised as soon as possible, it will be assumed that the aircraft has crashed and search planning will have commenced. 

After any activation of any emergency beacon (ELT or PLB) either for a REAL Emergency or an inadvertent activation contact ATC or RCCNZ on:

0508 4RCCNZ (0508 472 269) as soon as possible.