6.22.4(a) NZ Aeronautical Charts;
The NZ aeronautical charts contain information including airspace, aerodromes, latitude and longitude, heights, and ground features to name a few.
Aeronautical charts are used for navigation and reference to frequencies and airspace boundaries. A pilot cannot navigate or plan to fly anywhere without the proper and current charts.
Define: a) Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); b) Standard Time (NZST); c) Daylight Time (NZDT).
Coordinated Universal Time, abbreviated as UTC, is the primary time standard by which the world regulates clocks and time.
The world has been divided into time zones annotated from A to Z and 0 – +12, eg: New Zealand Standard Time is +12.
The Greenwich Meridian is the Prime Meridian designated as Longitude 0 degrees E or 0 degrees West and has UTC as its Standard Time. Greenwich Mean Time was changed to UTC in 1985 – for practical purposes both can be considered identical.
New Zealand Standard Time (NZST) is 12 hours ahead of UTC
To avoid minor differences in Local Mean Time, i.e different meridians going through different areas of NZ the 180 degree meridian is used as the sole longitude reference for the entire country
New Zealand Daylight Time (NZDT) is 13 hours ahead of UTC
When Daylight Saving is in force, between the last Sunday in September and the first Sunday in April; clocks are advanced one hour = 13 hours ahead
6.14.2(b) Wind velocity (W/V);
Wind Velocity is a vector quantity, comprising of the wind speed and the wind direction.
The wind direction, is given as the direction the wind is blowing from.
Wind velocity is typically displayed with wind direction and then wind speed; 270/15 (270degrees 15 kts)
6.12.2(b) Altitude;
Altitude means the vertical height of an object, measured above mean sea level (AMSL)
6.10.2(b) DR position;
Dead reckoning (also ded (for deduced) reckoning or DR) is the process of calculating one’s current position by using a previously determined position, or fix, and advancing that position based upon known or estimated speeds over elapsed time, and course.
6.8.2(b) Ground speed (GS);
Ground Speed is the speed of an aircraft with reference to the ground.
The aircraft’s airspeed is affected by the wind, and the result is the Ground Speed.
Flying along at 100kts airspeed, with a 20kt headwind (blowing us backwards) our ground speed will be 80kts.
A metre is a metric unit of length equal to approximately 1.094 yards
A foot is a unit of length defined as being 0.3048 m exactly.
A foot is made up of 12 inches.
It is the primary unit of indicating height in aviation.
Its symbol is ft
In simple terms,
True North is directly up on most maps directly toward the Earth’s Geographic North Pole
and aligns with the lines of longitude.
True Direction
By aligning the 360 with the True north, as in the example below, you can see that the aircraft is heading east or 090 degrees. This is a True Direction of 090 Degrees True.
Define and identify on a diagram of the Earth: 6.2.4(a) Axis and Direction of Rotation
The earth rotates from the West towards the East. As viewed from the North, the earth turns counter-clockwise about an axis which runs between the North and South geographic poles.
