Explain the limitations of using GPS/GNSS to supplement normal visual navigation.
Although GPS/GNSS can tell you where you are, it cannot do your look out for you!
There is a collision risk when in poor VFR conditions and a pilot aims to fly accurately towards a reporting point using GPS/GNSS.
Chances are that other pilots are doing the same thing and due to the accuracy of GPS the risk of their paths crossing is increased in a time of reduced visibility.
GPS is a huge benefit if used as a back up to VFR navigation and not a substitute.
Calculate the headwind/tailwind component, given runway alignment and wind velocity.
To calculate the headwind / tailwind component of a wind, first we find the actual wind conditions.
We then take the difference between the runway heading and the wind direction, and using the graph below, we enter the difference in wind direction and runway direction and also wind strength. With this we can work out how much crosswind and headwind will affect us for the given runway with the given wind.
List the factors to be considered when selecting a VFR cross-country navigation route.
When planning a VFR cross-country, you must consider any diversions that may be required due to bad weather e.g. to get around high terrain if there is low cloud.
Airspace, danger, restricted, military and volcanic area considerations
The terrain you are flying over (forced landing options and civilisation in case of an emergency)
Weather
Refueling options
Evening Civil Twilight
Compute TAS, given CAS, pressure altitude and air temperature in degrees Celsius.
To calculate TAS, CAS, Pressure Altitude, temperature conversions and many more, pilots use a flight computer (pictured below)
6.26.2. Interpret the features and symbols of a NZ Aeronautical Chart.
| Controlled | |
|---|---|
| Control Area (CTA) | [vfr_Pic p1=”map_airspace_cta.jpg” p2=”width=300″] |
| FIR Boundary |  |
| Control Zone (CTR) |  |
| General Aviation Area (G) |  |
| Special Use | |
| Restricted (R) Danger (D) Military (M) Volcanic (V) |
 |
| Mandatory Broadcast Zone (B) |  |
| Non-designated | |
| Common Frequency Zone(C) |  |
|
6.22.2. Define scale and the relationship between chart and earth distances
The chart scale is the the ratio of a given chart length to the actual distance on the Earth.
Eg: scale = 1 : 250,000
This means, a length on the chart of 1 unit, is 250,000 times the distance on the Earths surface.
Describe the six figure systems of indicating date/time groups
The 6 figure time system is set out with; Day, Hours and Minutes:
Hours are identified by 2-digit numbers starting at 00 and ending at 24. Minutes are expressed as starting at 00 and finishing with 59
DDHHMM
061330
Day 06 th – of the month
Hour 1300 – th hour of the day
Minutes 30 – th minute of the day
6.14.2(a) True and magnetic track required
The Track Required is the intended path to be flown to a point or destination.
The track can either be displayed as True or Magnetic; which is in relation to Magnetic North or True North.