4.75.22 State the restrictions and operating considerations relating to operating an aircraft in a volcanic hazard zone (VHZ). CAR 91 & AIP ENR
4.75.20 State the restrictions and operating considerations relating to operating an aircraft in a mandatory broadcast zone (MBZ). CAR 91 & AIP ENR
MBZs are established to provide increased protection to aircraft in
areas of uncontrolled airspace where high density or special operations
may occur.
A pilot is required to broadcast position and intention reports on a
specified frequency on entry, when joining an aerodrome traffic circuit,
prior to entering a runway, and at regular specified intervals when
operating within the MBZ.
As an extra safety measure, landing lights or anti collision lights
must be used when fitted.
Non-radio (NORDO) aircraft must not enter a MBZ, unless they have
another station, such as an ATS unit or an aircraft, broadcasting the
required reports on their behalf.
4.75.18 State the restrictions on operating an aircraft in a military operating area (MOA). CAR 91 & AIP ENR
Military operating areas (MOA) are established to encompass
intensive military operations, including live firing.
Within any portion of an
active MOA within NZ territory, an entry approval is required prior to entry
from the designated administering authority in the same manner as a
restricted area.
Outside NZ territory (beyond the 12 NM limit) pilots of NZ
registered aircraft must also receive an entry approval prior to entry.
Non-NZ registered aircraft are not subject to entry control but should
nevertheless identify their operation to the administering authority in the
interests of aviation safety.
4.75.16 State the restrictions on operating an aircraft in a restricted area. CAR 91 & AIP ENR
Restricted areas are established within NZ sovereign territory (up to
12 nautical miles from the coastline) in the public interest, aviation safety
or aviation security, or for national security.
The public interest includes
areas protected for conservation (fauna) purposes, and special events.
Safety reasons include areas prescribed for police or search and rescue
operations.
Aircraft are not prohibited from operating within a restricted area,
but may only enter an active restricted area with the prior approval of the
designated administering authority. Pilots must not enter an active
restricted area in anticipation of entry approval. Restricted areas are
depicted on charts with the designation R (followed by a number), as the
prefix NZ is omitted on aeronautical charts to reduce clutter
4.75.14 Describe the status of controlled airspace when ATC go off duty. AIP GEN
When control areas and zones are not operative, the rules and procedures for
Class G airspace apply.
4.75.12 Describe Visual Reporting Points.
The Director may designate visual reporting points for the purpose
of—
(1) facilitating the requirements of air traffic services for
information regarding the progress of aircraft in flight; or
(2) facilitating the safe conduct of flight by visual reference.
The Director must ensure that visual reporting points;
(1) are based on prominent geographical features; and
(2) are identified by names or designators that—
(i) are easily recognisable in voice communications; and
(ii) will not be confused with those of other reporting points
in the same general area; and
(iii) do not create confusion with other communications
exchanged between pilots and between air traffic services
and pilots.
4.75.10 Describe the status and purpose of a general aviation area (GAA). CAR 91 & AIP ENR
The Director may designate a portion of controlled airspace as a
general aviation area for the purpose of allowing VFR flights access to a
portion of previously controlled airspace without the requirement for an
ATC clearance.
For each general aviation area, the Director must;
(1) specify, at the time that the Director designates the airspace, the
air traffic control unit having responsibility for providing the air
traffic control service over the area; and
(2) identify the area by the ICAO nationality letters of the State
providing the air traffic control service followed by the letter G
followed by a number; and
(3) specify that the area is active—
(i) permanently during the day; or
(ii) by approval of the ATC unit responsible for the airspace;
or
(iii) by prior notification from an airspace user to the ATC
unit responsible for the airspace.
A General Aviation Area
(1) may only be active during the day; and
(2) is Class G airspace while the area is active.
4.75.8 State the status and conditions relating to flight in VFR transit lanes. AIP ENR
VFR transit lanes
The Director may designate a portion of controlled airspace as a VFR
transit lane for either or both of the following purposes:
(1) separating transiting VFR traffic from arriving and departing
IFR flights:
(2) permitting transiting VFR traffic to operate within the VFR
transit lane without requiring an ATC clearance.
A VFR transit lane must be clear of airspace that encompasses IFR
arrival and departure procedures within that controlled airspace.
The Director must—
(1) ensure that buffer zones are provided between the nominal flight
paths of arriving and departing IFR flights and each VFR transit
lane; and
(2) identify each VFR transit lane by the ICAO nationality letters of
the State providing the air traffic control service followed by the
letter “T” followed by a number.
A VFR transit lane is Class G airspace and may only be active during
the day.
4.75.6 Describe the vertical limits and purpose of Control Areas (CTA). CAR 71
The Director may specify a control area designated under this Part
as;
(1) a terminal control area if the Director determines that an
approach control service is required at the confluence of ATS
routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes; or
(2) an upper control area if the Director determines that an area
control service is required; or
(3) an oceanic control area if the Director determines that an area
control service is required over the high seas.
The upper limit of a control area must not exceed flight level 660.
The lower limit of a control area must;
(1) be at least 500 feet below the flight paths of IFR flights that the
Director determines to require an air traffic control service; and
(2) be established at:
(i) the highest practical altitude; and
(ii) not less than 700 feet above the surface of the earth; and
Civil Aviation Rules Part 71 CAA Consolidation
23 October 2008 14 CAA of NZ
(3) when the lower limit of a control area is above 3000 feet AMSL,
coincide with a VFR cruising altitude or flight level prescribed
in Part 91.
If a portion of airspace below a control area is designated as another
control area, the upper limit of the lower control area must extend to the
lower limit of the control area directly above it.
4.75.4 Describe the vertical limits and purpose of control zones (CTR). CAR 71
Control zones
The Director may designate as a control zone that portion of airspace
around an aerodrome if—
(1) the Director determines that an aerodrome control service or an
aerodrome and approach control service is required; and
(2) the traffic density and pattern requires controlled airspace.
A control zone must be as small as practical consistent with the need
to protect the flight paths of IFR flights arriving at and departing from the
aerodrome.
The lateral limits of a control zone must;
(1) encompass at least those portions of the airspace that are not
within a control area containing the paths of IFR flights arriving
at and departing from the aerodrome under IMC; and
(2) extend to at least 5 nm from the centre of the aerodrome in the
directions from which instrument approaches may be made; and
(3) take into account the category of IFR aircraft using the
aerodrome and the areas of airspace that need to be protected for
those IFR flights.
Prominent geographical features must be used, where practical, to
define the lateral limits of a control zone.
A control zone with an upper limit above 3000 feet AMSL must
coincide with a VFR cruising altitude or flight level prescribed in Part 91.